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• $maxN (aggregation accumulator)

$maxN (aggregation accumulator)

Definition

$maxN

New in version 5.2.

Returns an aggregation of the maxmimum value n elements within a group. If the group contains fewer than n elements, $maxN returns all elements in the group.

Syntax

{
   $maxN:
      {
         input: <expression>,
         n: <expression>
      }
}

• input specifies an expression that is the input to $maxN. It is evaluated for each element in the group and $maxN preserves the maximum n values.
• n limits the number of results per group and n has to be a positive integral expression that is either a constant or depends on the _id value for $group.

Behavior

Null and Missing Values

• $maxN filters out null and missing values.

Consider the following aggregation that returns the maximum n documents from a group:

copy

db.aggregate( [
   {
      $documents: [
         { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 1 },
         { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 2 },
         { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 3 },
         { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1" },
         { playerId: "PlayerE", gameId: "G1", score: null }
      ]
   },
   {
      $group:
      {
         _id: "$gameId",
         maximumThreeScores:
            {
               $maxN:
                  {
                     input: "$score",
                     n: 4
                  }
            }
      }
   }
] )

In this example:

• $documents creates the literal documents that contain player scores.
• $group groups the documents by gameId. This example has only one gameId, G1.
• PlayerD has a missing score and PlayerE has a null score. These values are both considered as null.
• The maximumThreeScores field is specified as $maxN with input : "$score" and returned as an array.
• Since there are only 3 documents with scores maxN returns the maximum 3 score fields even though n = 4.

[
   {
   _id: 'G1',
   maximumThreeScores: [ 3, 2, 1 ]
   }
]

Comparison of $maxN and $topN Accumulators

Both $maxN and $topN accumulators can accomplish similar results.

In general:

• $maxN has the advantage of finding maximum values in no particular sort order. If you want to know the maximum values for n documents use $maxN.
• If guaranteing a particular sort order is a requirement use $topN.
• Use $topN if you don’t intend on sorting on the output values.

Restrictions

Window Function and Aggregation Expression Support

You can use $maxN as an accumulator.

$maxN is supported as an aggregation expression.

$maxN is supported as a window operator.

Memory Limit Considerations

Aggregation pipelines which call $maxN are subject to the 100 MB limit. If this limit is exceeded for an individual group, the aggregation fails with an error.

Examples

Consider a gamescores collection with the following documents:

copy

db.gamescores.insertMany([
   { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 31 },
   { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 33 },
   { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 99 },
   { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1", score: 1 },
   { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G2", score: 10 },
   { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G2", score: 14 },
   { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G2", score: 66 },
   { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G2", score: 80 }
])

Find the Maximum Three Scores for a Single Game

You can use the $maxN accumulator to find the maximum three scores in a single game.

copy

db.gamescores.aggregate( [
   {
      $match : { gameId : "G1" }
   },
   {
      $group:
         {
            _id: "$gameId",
            maxThreeScores:
               {
                  $maxN:
                  {
                     input: ["$score","$playerId"],
                     n:3
                  }
               }
         }
   }
] )

The example pipeline:

• Uses $match to filter the results on a single gameId. In this case, G1.
• Uses $group to group the results by gameId. In this case, G1.
• Specifies the fields that are input for $maxN with input : ["$score","$playerId"].
• Uses $maxN to return the maximum three score elements for the G1 game with n : 3.

The operation returns the following results:

[
   {
      _id: 'G1',
      maxThreeScores: [ [ 99, 'PlayerC' ], [ 33, 'PlayerB' ], [ 31, 'PlayerA' ] ]
   }
]

Finding the Maximum Three Scores Across Multiple Games

You can use the $maxN accumulator to find the maximum n scores in each game.

copy

db.gamescores.aggregate( [
   {
      $group:
      {
         _id: "$gameId",
         maxScores:
            {
               $maxN:
                  {
                     input: ["$score","$playerId"],
                     n: 3
                  }
            }
      }
   }
] )

The example pipeline:

• Uses $group to group the results by gameId.
• Uses $maxN to return the maximum three score elements for each game with n: 3.
• Specifies the fields that are input for $maxN with input: ["$score","$playerId"].

The operation returns the following results:

[
   {
      _id: 'G1',
      maxScores: [ [ 99, 'PlayerC' ], [ 33, 'PlayerB' ], [ 31, 'PlayerA' ] ]
   },
   {
      _id: 'G2',
      maxScores: [ [ 80, 'PlayerD' ], [ 66, 'PlayerC' ], [ 14, 'PlayerB' ] ]
   }
]

Computing n Based on the Group Key for $group

You can also assign the value of n dynamically. In this example, the $cond expression is used on the gameId field.

copy

db.gamescores.aggregate([
   {
      $group:
      {
         _id: {"gameId": "$gameId"},
         gamescores:
            {
               $maxN:
                  {
                     input: ["$score","$playerId"],
                     n: { $cond: { if: {$eq: ["$gameId","G2"] }, then: 1, else: 3 } }
                  }
            }
      }
   }
] )

The example pipeline:

• Uses $group to group the results by gameId.
• Specifies the fields that input for $maxN with input : ["$score","$playerId"].
• If the gameId is G2 then n is 1, otherwise n is 3.

The operation returns the following results:

[
   { _id: { gameId: 'G2' }, gamescores: [ [ 80, 'PlayerD' ] ] },
   {
      _id: { gameId: 'G1' },
      gamescores: [ [ 99, 'PlayerC' ], [ 33, 'PlayerB' ], [ 31, 'PlayerA' ] ]
   }
]

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